Fourth Circuit: A Finding of Offering Money to Minor for Videos Depicting Specific Conduct Without Establishing Order of Events Insufficient to Establish Offer ‘Caused’ Minor to Produce Explicit Material Within Meaning of Guidelines § 2G2.2(c)(1) Cros by Sagi Schwartzberg The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit vacated …

Ninth Circuit Announces District Courts Must Either Orally Pronounce All Discretionary ‘Standard’ Conditions of Supervised Release in the Presence of Defendant or Provide Conditions in Writing Prior to Sentencing by Douglas Ankney by Douglas Ankney The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, sitting en banc, held that U.S. …