Faster Justice: Rapid DNA Set to Expand Law Enforcement Reach
by Jo Ellen Nott
In a significant development for forensic science, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”) approved updates to the Quality Assurance Standards (“QAS”) for Forensic Laboratories in January, paving the way for DNA profiles generated through Rapid DNA analysis to be searched in the national Combined DNA Index System (“CODIS”) database. The updated standards, which take effect on July 1, 2025, represent a major shift in the use of Rapid DNA technology, potentially transforming how law enforcement agencies process and utilize genetic evidence.
Rapid DNA analysis is an automated, portable process that can produce DNA profiles in one to two hours without the need for a traditional laboratory. This makes it particularly useful for booking stations and immediate database searches. However, the technology has limitations, as it struggles to process complex or degraded samples effectively.
Currently, seven states—Arizona, Connecticut, Kentucky, Missouri, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania—operate non-CODIS statewide programs that use Rapid DNA to test evidence and match it against state-level databases. Under the new standards, these states and others will be able to expand their searches to CODIS, provided that law enforcement agencies collaborate with public crime labs to establish proper protocols and ensure compliance with federal guidelines.
While the expansion of Rapid DNA analysis offers potential benefits, it also raises significant privacy concerns. Critics argue that collecting DNA swabs from arrestees—particularly those who have not been convicted—and uploading their profiles to CODIS undermines the presumption of innocence. They also warn of risks such as misuse, hacking, or surveillance. Civil liberties groups have expressed concerns about government overreach and the potential for discrimination. Proponents, however, emphasize that the data will be used in a limited and controlled manner to aid investigations.
Dr. Ray Wickenheiser, former director of the New York State Police Crime Lab, highlighted the importance of this advancement. “This has the potential to deliver justice faster,” he said, underscoring the technology’s promise in solving crimes and exonerating the innocent.
GTH DNA, a leading authority on forensic DNA database policy, law, and project development, has encouraged law enforcement agencies and crime labs to collaborate in implementing this critical service. The organization argues that the integration of Rapid DNA analysis into CODIS will provide quicker investigative leads, support victims and their families, and help exonerate those wrongly accused.
Source: forensicmag.com
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