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Criminal Legal News: January, 2026

Issue PDF
Volume 9, Number 1

In this issue:

  1. Zombie Forensics: Discredited Science Stalking the Courtroom (p 1)
  2. New Jersey Supreme Court Announces “Shaking Without Impact” Expert Testimony Inadmissible, Holding Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosis Lacks Required General Acceptance Within Biomechanical Engineering Community Under Frye (p 16)
  3. First Circuit Clarifies Mitigating Role Analysis – Sentencing Courts Must Consider All Identifiable Participants in Drug Shipment, Not Just Crew Members, and Use § 3B1.2 Factors to Assess Relative Culpability, Not Guilt (p 19)
  4. Ninth Circuit Grants Equitable Tolling Under AEDPA Where Attorney Abandoned Prisoner by Failing to Communicate for Nine Months and Prison Officials Delayed Processing Filing Documents (p 21)
  5. Maryland Supreme Court Announces Public Defender Act Requires Effective Assistance of Counsel in Certiorari Petition Where Public Defender Appointed Panel Attorney for Direct Appeal and Certiorari Petition (p 24)
  6. Ninth Circuit Affirms Exclusion of Plea Agreement’s Factual Basis, Holding Unaccepted “Type A” Plea Agreement Unenforceable to Trigger Waiver of Rule 410 Protections (p 27)
  7. When AI Invents the Pixels: Challenging AI-Enhanced Video Evidence in Criminal Cases (p 29)
  8. Jury Returns Record $80 Million Verdict for Wrongful Conviction Based on DA Misconduct (p 35)
  9. Ninth Circuit Announces Abandonment Doctrine Applies to Cellphones but Courts Must Analyze Intent to Abandon Device Separately From Intent to Abandon Data (p 36)
  10. Seventh Circuit Announces One-Year Time Limit in Rule 35(b) Is Nonjurisdictional Claim-Processing Rule, Overruling Prior Precedent in Light of Supreme Court’s Hamer Decision (p 38)
  11. California Supreme Court Announces Pre-2009 Provocative Act Murder Convictions Are Not Categorically Ineligible for Resentencing Under § 1172.6 (p 40)
  12. Mass Surveillance for Profit: Flock’s AI Reports “Suspicious” Movement to Police (p 42)
  13. Police AI and “Sycophancy”: New Evidence Tools May Tell Cops Exactly What They Want to Hear (p 42)
  14. SCOTUS Holds Sixth Amendment Requires Case-Specific Necessity Determination to Screen Child Witnesses, Rejecting Reliance on Mandatory State Statutes Based on Generalized Legislative Findings (p 44)
  15. Pennsylvania Supreme Court Announces Presentence Confinement on Probation Detainer Must Be Credited to New Sentence Where Same Conduct Triggered Both Detainer and New Charges (p 46)
  16. The Legal Fight for Homeowner Compensation After SWAT Raids (p 47)
  17. Minnesota Supreme Court Announces Warrantless Buccal Swab Pursuant to Discovery Order Violates Fourth Amendment, Overrules Inevitable Discovery Precedent, and Clarifies Accomplice-Corroboration Statute Applies Only to Sworn Testimony (p 48)
  18. NEWS IN BRIEF (p 50)

Zombie Forensics: Discredited Science Stalking the Courtroom

by Chuck Sharman

In the American courtroom, the word “forensic” carries a veneer of infallibility. Jurors hear it and envision the sleek laboratories of television crime dramas with sterile rooms humming with sophisticated technology, where evidence is processed by advanced algorithms that produce irrefutable results. This misguided belief …

New Jersey Supreme Court Announces “Shaking Without Impact” Expert Testimony Inadmissible, Holding Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosis Lacks Required General Acceptance Within Biomechanical Engineering Community Under Frye

by David Kim

he Supreme Court of New Jersey affirmed the exclusion of expert testimony regarding Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma (“SBS/AHT”) in cases alleging shaking without impact, holding that the State failed to demonstrate the necessary general acceptance under the Frye standard. The Court reasoned that because …

First Circuit Clarifies Mitigating Role Analysis – Sentencing Courts Must Consider All Identifiable Participants in Drug Shipment, Not Just Crew Members, and Use § 3B1.2 Factors to Assess Relative Culpability, Not Guilt

by Douglas Ankney

The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated Dionel Guía-Sendeme’s sentence and remanded for resentencing, holding that the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico erred in its mitigating role analysis under U.S. Sentencing Guidelines § 3B1.2 by limiting the …

Ninth Circuit Grants Equitable Tolling Under AEDPA Where Attorney Abandoned Prisoner by Failing to Communicate for Nine Months and Prison Officials Delayed Processing Filing Documents

by David Kim

The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada’s dismissal of a federal habeas petition as untimely, holding that equitable tolling applied under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) where …

Maryland Supreme Court Announces Public Defender Act Requires Effective Assistance of Counsel in Certiorari Petition Where Public Defender Appointed Panel Attorney for Direct Appeal and Certiorari Petition

by Sagi Schwartzberg

In an issue of first impression, the Supreme Court of Maryland held that under the plain language of the Public Defender Act (“Act”), when the Office of the Public Defender (“OPD”) authorizes an attorney to file a petition for a writ of certiorari and the …

Ninth Circuit Affirms Exclusion of Plea Agreement’s Factual Basis, Holding Unaccepted “Type A” Plea Agreement Unenforceable to Trigger Waiver of Rule 410 Protections

by Anthony W. Accurso

The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the exclusion of the factual basis from the defendant’s plea agreement, holding that the agreement’s waiver of Federal Rule of Evidence 410 (“Rule 410”) protections was never triggered. The Court reasoned that because …

When AI Invents the Pixels: Challenging AI-Enhanced Video Evidence in Criminal Cases

by Richard Resch

When prosecutors offer “enhanced” surveillance footage or body-camera video, defense counsel must understand what enhancement actually means. Traditional forensic methods such as adjusting brightness, applying contrast filters, or using established interpolation algorithms like nearest-neighbor or bi-cubic scaling operate directly on the captured data. Even when …

Jury Returns Record $80 Million Verdict for Wrongful Conviction Based on DA Misconduct

by Jo Ellen Nott

A federal jury in New York awarded the estate of Darryl Boyd a record-breaking $80 million on November 19, 2025, for the more than 27 years he spent incarcerated following his wrongful 1977 murder conviction. Boyd, who died of pancreatic cancer in February 2025 …

Ninth Circuit Announces Abandonment Doctrine Applies to Cellphones but Courts Must Analyze Intent to Abandon Device Separately From Intent to Abandon Data

by David Kim

The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that while the abandonment doctrine applies to cellphones, courts must analyze the intent to abandon the physical device separately from the intent to abandon its data – and should not reflexively conflate the two. …

Seventh Circuit Announces One-Year Time Limit in Rule 35(b) Is Nonjurisdictional Claim-Processing Rule, Overruling Prior Precedent in Light of Supreme Court’s Hamer Decision

by David Kim

The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that the one-year time limit for filing a sentence-reduction motion under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 35(b)(1) is a nonjurisdictional claim-processing rule that may be waived, overruling its decision in United States v. McDowell, …

California Supreme Court Announces Pre-2009 Provocative Act Murder Convictions Are Not Categorically Ineligible for Resentencing Under § 1172.6

by Sagi Schwartzberg

In resolving a conflict among Courts of Appeal, the Supreme Court of California held that defendants convicted of provocative act murder before its 2009 decision in People v. Concha, 218 P.3d 660 (Cal. 2009), are not categorically ineligible for resentencing under Cal. Pen. Code § …

Mass Surveillance for Profit: Flock’s AI Reports “Suspicious” Movement to Police

by Sagi Schwartzberg

Flock, a private police surveillance company, has built an enormous nationwide database and license plate tracking system which collects records of Americans’ travel and makes this vast database available to law enforcement across the country. This system allows police to search the nationwide movement of …

Police AI and “Sycophancy”: New Evidence Tools May Tell Cops Exactly What They Want to Hear

by Michael Dean Thompson

Every day new digital tools generate massive new piles of data for law enforcement to winnow for grains of truth. With each new tool comes a new need for expertise to know when the proffered grain is good data or virtual chaff. The challenge …

SCOTUS Holds Sixth Amendment Requires Case-Specific Necessity Determination to Screen Child Witnesses, Rejecting Reliance on Mandatory State Statutes Based on Generalized Legislative Findings

by Richard Resch

In a per curiam opinion, the Supreme Court of the United States reversed a divided Mississippi Supreme Court decision, holding that under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause, a trial court may not deny a defendant his right to face-to-face confrontation with a child witness simply …

Pennsylvania Supreme Court Announces Presentence Confinement on Probation Detainer Must Be Credited to New Sentence Where Same Conduct Triggered Both Detainer and New Charges

by Matthew Clarke

Addressing an issue of first impression, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held that a defendant held on a probation detainer after posting bail on new charges is entitled to credit for that time against his new sentence where the detainer was triggered by the same …

The Legal Fight for Homeowner Compensation After SWAT Raids

by Jo Ellen Nott

Homeowners are often left financially devastated and without clear legal recourse after police raids cause extensive property damage, forcing them to bear costs that many say should be the public’s responsibility.

The case of Vicki Baker, whose Texas home was ruined by a …

Minnesota Supreme Court Announces Warrantless Buccal Swab Pursuant to Discovery Order Violates Fourth Amendment, Overrules Inevitable Discovery Precedent, and Clarifies Accomplice-Corroboration Statute Applies Only to Sworn Testimony

by David Kim

The Supreme Court of Minnesota held that a buccal swab collected from a criminal defendant pursuant to a district court discovery order under Minnesota Rule of Criminal Procedure 9.02, subdivision 2(1)(f), rather than a search warrant, constituted an unconstitutional search requiring suppression of the resulting …

NEWS IN BRIEF

Alabama: In a rare victory for ethics enforcement in the Cotton State, a Lauderdale County jury returned a guilty verdict on November 7, 2025, against a former state judge accused of public corruption. According to the Alabama Political Reporter, Gilbert Porterfield Self, Sr., former presiding judge of the …

 

 

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