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Criminal Legal News: November, 2024

Issue PDF
Volume 7, Number 11

In this issue:

  1. Broken Trust The Pervasive Role of Deceit in American Policing (p 1)
  2. WhatsApp’s Security Team Identifies Vulnerabilities (p 18)
  3. University of Maryland Carey Law Pioneers Forensic Defense Clinic (p 18)
  4. Seventh Circuit Announces Search of Cellphone at Border Constitutes Routine Inspection and Does Not Require Warrant, Probable Cause, or Even Individualized Suspicion (p 20)
  5. NIJ Partners With Doctor to Develop Better Screening Method to Detect and Identify Drugs Postmortem (p 21)
  6. Delaware Supreme Court: Counsel Ineffective for Failing to Challenge Search of Cellphone Where Consent Was Ambiguous and Warrant Constituted a General Warrant (p 22)
  7. Barrier-­Crime Laws Continue to Unjustly Prohibit Otherwise Qualified Persons With Prior Convictions From Employment (p 23)
  8. SCOTUS Announces Confrontation Clause Prohibits Expert Witness From Testifying About Non-­Testifying Expert’s Statements Regarding Forensic Testing Performed by Non-­Testifying Expert in Support of Testifying Expert’s Opinion Testimony at Trial (p 24)
  9. Cops Hide Behind Encrypted Radio (p 27)
  10. Ninth Circuit Denies Habeas Relief to Prisoner Who Invoked Fifth Amendment Right to Counsel During Custodial Interrogation but Made Incriminating Statements to Undercover Informant Posing as Fellow Prisoner Because Right to Counsel Not Violated (p 28)
  11. Overthrowing the Constitution: All Sides Are Waging War on Our Freedoms (p 30)
  12. California Court of Appeal: Wearing Puffy Jacket on Hot and Humid Night Does Not Constitute Reasonable Suspicion of Criminal Activity (p 33)
  13. Ninth Circuit Announces California Carjacking Conviction Not Categorically ‘Crime of Violence’ Under Immigration Law for Removal Purposes (p 35)
  14. SCOTUS Clarifies Prejudice Standard Under Strickland for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims at Capital Sentencing (p 37)
  15. Oregon Supreme Court Further Clarifies ‘Guilty Except for Insanity’ Defense (p 39)
  16. Wisconsin District Attorneys’ Police Brady Lists Often Secret, Incomplete, or Nonexistent (p 41)
  17. Georgia Supreme Court: Discovery of Common Law Wife’s Infidelity Entitled Defendant to Voluntary Manslaughter Instruction in Malice Murder Prosecution (p 42)
  18. Arizona Supreme Court Allows Third PCR Motion Based on IAC for Erroneous Advice About Parole Eligibility Due to ‘Pervasive Confusion’ Regarding Parole Within Legal Community (p 44)
  19. Chicago PD Continues Racial Profiling While Underreporting Incidents of Traffic Stops (p 45)
  20. Wisconsin Supreme Court: Officer Violated Fourth Amendment by Exceeding Scope of Community Caretaking Function During Traffic Stop (p 46)
  21. Seventh Circuit Holds Sentencing Guidelines Commentary Still Entitled to Deference (p 48)
  22. ICE’s Deadly Force Problem: A Culture of Impunity (p 48)
  23. News In Brief (p 50)
  24. A New Approach to Drug Testing: Electrochemical Sensors and Raman Spectroscopy (p 50)

Broken Trust The Pervasive Role of Deceit in American Policing

While at times an effective tool, deception is ethically dubious and can result in severe negative consequences for suspects.

September 12, 2024 • Policy Analysis No. 979

by Andrew Eichen

This article was originally published by the CATO Institute on its website at cato.org on September, 12, 2024. It has ...

WhatsApp’s Security Team Identifies Vulnerabilities

by Michael Dean Thompson

Metadata is the data that describes data. If you make a phone call, metadata describes that call’s external characteristics: source number, destination number(s), how long the call lasted, etc. Although the metadata does not describe content, it still delivers enough information about a connection that a ...

University of Maryland Carey Law Pioneers Forensic Defense Clinic

The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law in Baltimore has launched the nation’s first Forensic Defense Clinic designed to equip law students with specialized knowledge in forensic evidence and its role in criminal law.

This clinic, led by forensic expert Maneka Sinha, JD, and former public defender ...

Seventh Circuit Announces Search of Cellphone at Border Constitutes Routine Inspection and Does Not Require Warrant, Probable Cause, or Even Individualized Suspicion

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that the routine inspection and search of a traveler’s electronics, or for that matter any other type of property, at the border by Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) agents may be conducted without a warrant, probable cause, ...

NIJ Partners With Doctor to Develop Better Screening Method to Detect and Identify Drugs Postmortem

by Douglas Ankney

The illicit drug market is ever evolving, with new drugs (called “novel psychoactive substances” or “NPS”) steadily appearing to avoid detection and legal consequences. Between January 2018 and December 2023, NPS Discovery from the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education identified over 250 NPS in forensic ...

Delaware Supreme Court: Counsel Ineffective for Failing to Challenge Search of Cellphone Where Consent Was Ambiguous and Warrant Constituted a General Warrant

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Delaware granted postconviction relief to a prisoner because his defense attorney provided ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to challenge the search of his cellphone. The Court held that the defendant did not provide valid consent to search the cellphone and that the ...

Barrier-­Crime Laws Continue to Unjustly Prohibit Otherwise Qualified Persons With Prior Convictions From Employment

by Douglas Ankney

Rudy Carey became addicted to drugs after his father died. A string of poor decisions led him to serving three years in prison for striking a police officer during a traffic stop. Upon release, Carey remained committed to keeping his life on the right track. He attended ...

SCOTUS Announces Confrontation Clause Prohibits Expert Witness From Testifying About Non-­Testifying Expert’s Statements Regarding Forensic Testing Performed by Non-­Testifying Expert in Support of Testifying Expert’s Opinion Testimony at Trial

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously held that the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause prohibits an expert witness from testifying about another non-­testifying expert’s statements and conclusions made in connection with scientific analysis where the defendant had no prior opportunity to cross-­examine the non-­testifying expert and ...

Cops Hide Behind Encrypted Radio

by Michael Dean Thompson

The Black Lives Matter (“BLM”) protests ignited changes among law enforcement agencies throughout the country. Text messages from police in 2020 showed they were only enforcing curfews against protestors. Z. Williams, the director of client support and operations at the Denver-­based nonprofit Bread and Roses Legal ...

Ninth Circuit Denies Habeas Relief to Prisoner Who Invoked Fifth Amendment Right to Counsel During Custodial Interrogation but Made Incriminating Statements to Undercover Informant Posing as Fellow Prisoner Because Right to Counsel Not Violated

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California’s decision denying habeas relief to a prisoner who, after invoking his right to remain silent and to counsel, was interrogated in his jail cell by an undercover ...

Overthrowing the Constitution: All Sides Are Waging War on Our Freedoms

by John & Nisha Whitehead

We the people are the rightful masters of both Congress and the courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution.”—Abraham Lincoln

It is both apt and ironic that the anniversary of 9/11, which paved the way for the ...

California Court of Appeal: Wearing Puffy Jacket on Hot and Humid Night Does Not Constitute Reasonable Suspicion of Criminal Activity

by Anthony W. Accurso

The Court of Appeal of California, Second District, overturned the denial of a defendant’s suppression motion by ruling that the officers’ show of force meant the encounter was non-­consensual and that the defendant’s attire was insufficient to justify the detention. 

Just before midnight on July 12, ...

Ninth Circuit Announces California Carjacking Conviction Not Categorically ‘Crime of Violence’ Under Immigration Law for Removal Purposes

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that a carjacking conviction under California Penal Code § 215(a) is not categorically a crime of violence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101-­1537, because that state crime does not require proof that the defendant ...

SCOTUS Clarifies Prejudice Standard Under Strickland for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims at Capital Sentencing

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of the United States clarified the governing test for determining whether errors defense counsel made during a capital sentencing hearing resulted in sufficient prejudice to require a new sentencing proceeding. Specifically, the Court held that lower courts must weigh the evidence supporting aggravating circumstances ...

Oregon Supreme Court Further Clarifies ‘Guilty Except for Insanity’ Defense

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Oregon clarified the “Guilty Except for Insanity” (“GEI”) defense, holding that the defendant’s mental disease or defect may combine with another condition to cause the lack of capacity to form the requisite criminal intent and the mental disease or defect need not be ...

Wisconsin District Attorneys’ Police Brady Lists Often Secret, Incomplete, or Nonexistent

by Matt Clarke

Wisconsin Watch disclosed that its investigation into Wisconsin District Attorneys’ police Brady lists found that many had no Brady list while others had lists that appeared to be incomplete or refused to disclose the names on their lists.

Brady lists derive their name from the seminal case ...

Georgia Supreme Court: Discovery of Common Law Wife’s Infidelity Entitled Defendant to Voluntary Manslaughter Instruction in Malice Murder Prosecution

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Georgia held that the trial court erred in refusing to give the jury a lesser included offense instruction of voluntary manslaughter in a prosecution for malice murder where the evidence showed that the killing was in response to the defendant discovering his common-­law ...

Arizona Supreme Court Allows Third PCR Motion Based on IAC for Erroneous Advice About Parole Eligibility Due to ‘Pervasive Confusion’ Regarding Parole Within Legal Community

by Anthony W. Accurso

The Supreme Court of Arizona held that a defendant’s third postconviction relief (“PCR”) motion was not untimely, nor had he waived the issue by failing to file it in earlier petitions, because there was “pervasive confusion” about parole eligibility for decades.

Larry Dean Anderson was convicted ...

Chicago PD Continues Racial Profiling While Underreporting Incidents of Traffic Stops

by Jo Ellen Nott

The Chicago Police Department (“CPD”) has sidestepped both legal and constitutional mandates of the last 10 years by shifting its focus from pedestrian to traffic stops, a practice which allows the agency to continue racial profiling and commit civil rights violations. This maneuvering came on the ...

Wisconsin Supreme Court: Officer Violated Fourth Amendment by Exceeding Scope of Community Caretaking Function During Traffic Stop

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Wisconsin held that a police officer exceeded the proper bounds of the community caretaking function exception to the Fourth Amendment during the course of a traffic stop. The officer stopped the driver to perform a welfare check after the driver had fallen asleep ...

Seventh Circuit Holds Sentencing Guidelines Commentary Still Entitled to Deference

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that Application Notes to provisions of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual are still entitled to deference, even after a Supreme Court case questioned the continued applicability of such deference.

Christopher Johnson was indicted for and pleaded guilty ...

ICE’s Deadly Force Problem: A Culture of Impunity

by Jo Ellen Nott

To no one’s surprise, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) documents about use of force incidents over the six years from 2015 to 2021 were not readily available to the public. ICE leans heavily on the nine exemptions provided by the Freedom of Information Act to keep ...

News In Brief

Alabama: WSFA out of Mobile reported that on August 22 and 23, 2024, a sex trafficking sting operation occurring in several jurisdictions resulted in the arrests of 11 men. Montgomery County Sheriff Derrick Cunningham and other law enforcement officials discussed the results at a press conference. The 11 individuals interacted ...

A New Approach to Drug Testing: Electrochemical Sensors and Raman Spectroscopy

by Jo Ellen Knott

Forensic laboratories screen for drugs using a combination of presumptive and confirmatory tests. The presumptive test indicates the presence or absence of a drug and is usually done in the field by law enforcement using colorimetric tests. The confirmatory testing is usually done in a lab ...

 

 

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