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Criminal Legal News: May, 2026

Issue PDF
Volume 9, Number 5

In this issue:

  1. Sixth Circuit Announces State-Law Exceptions to Appeal Deadlines Preserve “Pending” Status Under AEDPA, Holding Belated-Appeal Procedures Toll Federal Habeas Limitations Period (p 20)
  2. No Blood, No Proof: Study Challenges Post-Cleanup DNA Evidence (p 21)
  3. Tenth Circuit Holds Prior California Child Pornography Conviction Does Not Trigger Federal Mandatory Minimum Because State Statute Encompasses Conduct Beyond Federal Definition Under Categorical Approach (p 22)
  4. Florida Supreme Court Announces Rule 3.170(f)’s Good-Cause Plea-Withdrawal Standard Does Not Apply at Post-Appeal Resentencing (p 24)
  5. Kentucky Supreme Court Clarifies Parole Board May Delegate Final Revocation Hearings to Administrative Law Judges but Holds Due Process Requires Parolees Be Permitted to File Exceptions to ALJ Findings Before Board Renders a Final Revocation Decision (p 26)
  6. Six Years of the First Step Act: Federal Prison Data Reveal Treatment Gains, Persistent Disparities, and Unanswered Questions (p 28)
  7. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court: Amending Indictment to Change Subsections of Aggravated Child Rape Statute Constitutes an Impermissible Substantive Amendment (p 31)
  8. Colorado Supreme Court Announces Defendant Must Be Competent Before Undergoing Mental-Condition Examination Under § 16-8-107(3)(b) (p 32)
  9. New York Court of Appeals Holds Generic Physical Description Insufficient to Justify Pursuit in Mistaken Identity Case, and Suspect’s Flight Cannot Support Reasonable Suspicion Absent Evidence He Knew He Was Fleeing Law Enforcement (p 35)
  10. Oregon Supreme Court Announces Article I, Section 9, of State Constitution Protects Privacy in Internet Browsing Conducted Over Public Wi-Fi Networks (p 36)
  11. California Court of Appeal Announces Plea Agreements Cannot Bar § 1172.1 Resentencing, Holds Merit-Based Denial of Petition Is Appealable (p 38)
  12. New Study Exposes Reliability Gap in Traditional Time-of-Death Methods (p 39)
  13. Pennsylvania Supreme Court Announces Mandatory Life Without Parole for Felony Murder Unconstitutional Under State Constitution, Holding Article I, Section 13 Provides Broader Protections Than Eighth Amendment (p 40)
  14. Indiana Supreme Court Clarifies “Single Statutory Offense” for Substantive Double Jeopardy Analysis, Holding Powell Test Governs Multiple Convictions Under Elevated Forms of Common Base Offense (p 42)
  15. SCOTUS Unanimously Announces Heck Does Not Bar §1983 Suits Seeking Purely Prospective Relief, Resolving Circuit Split Over Whether a Prior Conviction Precludes a Forward-Looking Constitutional Challenge to the Statute of Conviction (p 44)
  16. SCOTUS Announces Sentencing Reform Act Does Not Authorize Automatic Extension of Supervised Release When Defendant Absconds, Resolving Circuit Split (p 46)
  17. Georgia Supreme Court Clarifies That Failure to Object to Ineligible Juror Does Not Constitute Waiver Unless Party Knew or Could Have Discovered Ineligibility Through Ordinary Diligence (p 47)
  18. Montana Supreme Court Holds Defendant’s Sentence Must Be Vacated Where District Court Premised Sentence on Defendant’s Exercise of Constitutional Rights to Jury Trial, Silence, and Against Self-Incrimination (p 48)
  19. News In Brief (p 49)

Sixth Circuit Announces State-Law Exceptions to Appeal Deadlines Preserve “Pending” Status Under AEDPA, Holding Belated-Appeal Procedures Toll Federal Habeas Limitations Period

by David M. Reutter

The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that when a state prisoner’s belated appeal fits within an established state-law exception to an otherwise applicable appeal deadline, the prisoner’s properly filed application for post-conviction relief remains “pending” under 28 U.S.C. § …

No Blood, No Proof: Study Challenges Post-Cleanup DNA Evidence

by Jo Ellen Nott

A Flinders University study published in the Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences provides defense attorneys with powerful tools to challenge forensic evidence in cases involving attempted crime scene “clean-ups.” The study reveals how variable and unreliable forensic interpretations of cleaned evidence can be, findings …

Tenth Circuit Holds Prior California Child Pornography Conviction Does Not Trigger Federal Mandatory Minimum Because State Statute Encompasses Conduct Beyond Federal Definition Under Categorical Approach

by Douglas Ankney

The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit vacated a defendant’s 10-year mandatory minimum sentence, holding that his prior conviction under California Penal Code § 311.11 did not qualify as a predicate offense under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(b)(2). Applying the categorical approach, the …

Florida Supreme Court Announces Rule 3.170(f)’s Good-Cause Plea-Withdrawal Standard Does Not Apply at Post-Appeal Resentencing

by David M. Reutter

In a unanimous decision resolving a certified conflict between the Second and Fourth District Courts of Appeal, the Supreme Court of Florida held that Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.170(f) does not permit a defendant to withdraw a plea on the basis of good …

Kentucky Supreme Court Clarifies Parole Board May Delegate Final Revocation Hearings to Administrative Law Judges but Holds Due Process Requires Parolees Be Permitted to File Exceptions to ALJ Findings Before Board Renders a Final Revocation Decision

by Douglas Ankney

Consolidating two appeals that had produced conflicting results in the Court of Appeals, the en banc Supreme Court of Kentucky held that the Kentucky Parole Board possesses both constitutional and statutory authority to delegate the conduct of final parole revocation hearings to Administrative Law Judges …

Six Years of the First Step Act: Federal Prison Data Reveal Treatment Gains, Persistent Disparities, and Unanswered Questions

by Richard Resch

Six years after Congress passed the First Step Act with rare bipartisan enthusiasm, the federal government’s own data offer a mixed picture of progress. The Bureau of Justice Statistics’ (“BJS”) March 2026 report, covering calendar year 2024, provides the most comprehensive look yet at who …

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court: Amending Indictment to Change Subsections of Aggravated Child Rape Statute Constitutes an Impermissible Substantive Amendment

by David Kim

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts unanimously held that amending an indictment to change the subsection of the aggravated child rape statute under which a defendant was charged constituted an impermissible substantive amendment that violated Article 12 of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights. Reversing the …

Colorado Supreme Court Announces Defendant Must Be Competent Before Undergoing Mental-Condition Examination Under § 16-8-107(3)(b)

by David M. Reutter

Sitting en banc, the Supreme Court of Colorado held that a defendant must be competent before undergoing a mental-condition examination under C.R.S. § 16-8-107(3)(b) and that a trial court may not exclude expert mental-condition testimony based on a defendant’s failure to cooperate with such …

New York Court of Appeals Holds Generic Physical Description Insufficient to Justify Pursuit in Mistaken Identity Case, and Suspect’s Flight Cannot Support Reasonable Suspicion Absent Evidence He Knew He Was Fleeing Law Enforcement

by Douglas Ankey

T

he New York Court of Appeals held that parole investigators unlawfully pursued and arrested the defendant after mistakenly believing he was a parole absconder. The Court concluded that the pursuit was unjustified for two reasons: …

Oregon Supreme Court Announces Article I, Section 9, of State Constitution Protects Privacy in Internet Browsing Conducted Over Public Wi-Fi Networks

by David Kim

In an en banc decision, the Supreme Court of Oregon held that Article I, section 9, of the Oregon Constitution protects an individual’s privacy in internet browsing activities even when that individual accesses the internet through a publicly available Wi-Fi network operated by a third …

California Court of Appeal Announces Plea Agreements Cannot Bar § 1172.1 Resentencing, Holds Merit-Based Denial of Petition Is Appealable

by David M. Reutter

The California Court of Appeal, Second District, unanimously held that a superior court’s order denying a defendant’s petition for recall and resentencing under Penal Code § 1172.1 is appealable when the court substantively evaluates the petition on its merits rather than summarily declining to …

New Study Exposes Reliability Gap in Traditional Time-of-Death Methods

by Jo Ellen Nott

For decades, forensic pathologists have relied on body temperature, rigor mortis, and potassium levels in the vitreous humor of the eye to estimate time of death. These methods have underpinned countless prosecutions, but their accuracy degrades sharply beyond the early post-mortem window. Rectal temperature …

Pennsylvania Supreme Court Announces Mandatory Life Without Parole for Felony Murder Unconstitutional Under State Constitution, Holding Article I, Section 13 Provides Broader Protections Than Eighth Amendment

by Richard Resch

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania held that a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for all individuals convicted of second-degree murder (felony murder) violates Article I, Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution’s prohibition against cruel punishments. The Court determined that Pennsylvania’s …

Indiana Supreme Court Clarifies “Single Statutory Offense” for Substantive Double Jeopardy Analysis, Holding Powell Test Governs Multiple Convictions Under Elevated Forms of Common Base Offense

by David Kim

The Supreme Court of Indiana held that when a criminal statute defines a base offense with elevated forms at higher penalty levels, those elevated forms constitute a single statutory offense for substantive double jeopardy purposes, requiring application of the Powell multiplicity test rather than the …

SCOTUS Unanimously Announces Heck Does Not Bar §1983 Suits Seeking Purely Prospective Relief, Resolving Circuit Split Over Whether a Prior Conviction Precludes a Forward-Looking Constitutional Challenge to the Statute of Conviction

by Richard Resch

The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously held that a plaintiff previously convicted of violating a city ordinance may proceed with a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 suit seeking only forward-looking relief – specifically, a declaration that the ordinance violates the First Amendment and an …

SCOTUS Announces Sentencing Reform Act Does Not Authorize Automatic Extension of Supervised Release When Defendant Absconds, Resolving Circuit Split

by David Kim

In an 8-1 decision authored by Justice Gorsuch, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 does not authorize courts to automatically extend a defendant’s term of supervised release when the defendant fails to report to a probation …

Georgia Supreme Court Clarifies That Failure to Object to Ineligible Juror Does Not Constitute Waiver Unless Party Knew or Could Have Discovered Ineligibility Through Ordinary Diligence

by David M. Reutter

The Supreme Court of Georgia ­vacated the denial of a motion for new trial and remanded for further proceedings, holding that a trial court errs when it concludes a defendant waived an objection to an ineligible juror based solely on the failure to object …

Montana Supreme Court Holds Defendant’s Sentence Must Be Vacated Where District Court Premised Sentence on Defendant’s Exercise of Constitutional Rights to Jury Trial, Silence, and Against Self-Incrimination

by Douglas Ankney

The Supreme Court of Montana unanimously held that a district court violates due process when it premises a criminal sentence on a defendant’s decision to exercise constitutional rights, including the right to a jury trial, the right to remain silent, and the right against self-incrimination. …

News In Brief

Arkansas: A Sebastian County Circuit Court judge upheld the firing of former Fort Smith Police Department (FSPD) Off. Dalton Tucker on February 20, 2026, ending his bid for reinstatement. Tucker, now 26, was one of six officers dismissed in January 2025 after body-worn cameras (BWCs) captured them pointing …

 

 

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